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Rheumatology MCQs for NEET SS Series: Conquer Osteoporosis with In-depth Knowledge

George R.R. Martin

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Osteoporosis, a common bone disease characterized by reduced bone density and increased risk of fractures, poses a significant challenge to healthcare professionals. To effectively manage osteoporosis, a thorough understanding of its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options is essential. This article, part of the Rheumatology MCQs for NEET SS Series, provides an in-depth exploration of osteoporosis.

Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis results from an imbalance between bone formation and resorption, leading to decreased bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration. Key factors contributing to osteoporosis include:

Rheumatology MCQs for NEET SS series: 9: Osteoporosis

Rheumatology MCQs for NEET-SS series: Book 9: Osteoporosis

by Dr Bruce Miller

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Decreased bone formation: Osteoblasts, the cells responsible for bone formation, are less active in osteoporosis, leading to reduced bone matrix production.
Increased bone resorption: Osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone resorption, are overactive in osteoporosis, resulting in excessive bone breakdown.
Altered bone remodeling: The normal bone remodeling process, involving the breakdown of old bone and formation of new bone, is disrupted in osteoporosis, leading to an accumulation of weak and brittle bone tissue.

Risk Factors for Osteoporosis

Several factors increase the risk of developing osteoporosis, including:

Age and sex: Postmenopausal women and older adults are at higher risk due to hormonal changes and age-related bone loss.
Genetics: Certain genetic factors can predispose individuals to osteoporosis.
Lifestyle factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and sedentary lifestyle can contribute to bone loss.
Medical conditions: Conditions such as Cushing's syndrome, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis can affect bone metabolism.
Medications: Long-term use of certain medications, such as corticosteroids, can have detrimental effects on bone health.

Diagnosis of Osteoporosis

Diagnosing osteoporosis typically involves:

Medical history and physical examination: A thorough evaluation of risk factors and symptoms can provide valuable insights.
Bone mineral density (BMD) testing: This imaging technique measures the amount of minerals in bones, providing an objective assessment of bone density.
Biochemical markers: Blood or urine tests can detect changes in bone metabolism, such as elevated levels of bone resorption markers.

Treatment of Osteoporosis

Treatment for osteoporosis focuses on preventing and treating fractures by increasing bone density and reducing bone resorption. Common treatment approaches include:

Bisphosphonates: These medications inhibit the activity of osteoclasts, reducing bone resorption.
Monoclonal antibodies: These therapies target specific proteins involved in bone metabolism, such as RANKL, to inhibit bone resorption.
Teriparatide: This anabolic agent stimulates bone formation by increasing the activity of osteoblasts.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT): In postmenopausal women, HRT can help maintain bone density by supplementing estrogen, which plays a role in bone metabolism.
Lifestyle modifications: Regular exercise, a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, and smoking cessation can enhance bone health.

Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone disease characterized by reduced bone density and increased risk of fractures. A comprehensive understanding of its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options is vital for effective management. By incorporating the knowledge presented in this article into their practice, healthcare professionals can contribute to improving the outcomes of patients with osteoporosis.